docs: create reserved_names
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reserved_names.md
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---
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title: Reserved names
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description:
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published: 1
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date: 2024-02-09T05:42:01.227Z
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tags:
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editor: markdown
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dateCreated: 2024-02-09T05:42:01.227Z
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---
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# Reserved name
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Existing TLDs and over 100,000 Alexa websites are reserved on the Handshake blockchain. Upon removing collisions, generic, and exclusions (e.g. 1 or 2 character names), approximately 80,000 names remain. Using the root key and DNSSEC, domain owners can cryptographically prove ownership to the Handshake blockchain to claim names. 100,000 was chosen as a number which the ownership is clear and has already gone through policy and process.
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## Existing TLDs
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All existing [ICANN TLDs](https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names/blob/master/names/tld.json) ([ccTLDs](https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names/blob/master/names/cctld.json), [gTLDS](https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names/blob/master/names/gtld.json), [rTLD](https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names/blob/master/names/rtld.json)) are reserved and can't be opened at auction.
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## Alexa
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The Handshake blockchain pre-reserves the [top ~100,000 domain names](https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names/blob/master/names/alexa.json) from the Alexa top 1 million domain names. Since the Handshake blockchain only thinks in terms of top-level domains, existing domains on the Alexa top 1 million are "converted" to TLDs.
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For example:
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`google.com` -> `google`
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`bbc.co.uk` -> `bbc`
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### Rules
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In order to have your domain pre-reserved, there are a few rules implemented in generate.js that it must conform to:
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- The domain's deepest subdomain must not be in the blacklist.
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- The domain's deepest subdomain must not be a pseudo-TLD for an existing naming project.
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- The domain's deepest subdomain must not be a trademarked name.
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- The domain must not collide with an existing top-level domain in ICANN's root zone, as all existing TLDs are also pre-reserved. For example, `google.com` would lose to `google`.
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- The domain must not collide with a higher-ranked domain. For example, `google.co.uk` would lose to `google.com`. Only the owner of the higher-ranked domain is able to redeem it.
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- The domain must not be deeply nested. `bbc.co.uk` will work, but `jeffs-blog.wordpress.com` will not.
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- The domain must abide by Handshake policy standards (no leading or trailing hyphens or underscores).
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- The domain must not be a single letter.
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- If the domain is ranked lower than 50,000, the domain must not be two letters.
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- If the domain is ranked lower than 50,000, the domain must not be an [English word](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/handshake-org/hs-names/master/names/words.json).
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## Blacklist
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The following list is permanently reserved:
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- `example`
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- `invalid`
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- `local`
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- `localhost`
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- `test`
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## Late Additions
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Names which were added *after* the final snapshot:
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- `charity` - A new gTLD added on ICANN's system.
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- `inc` - A new gTLD added on ICANN's system.
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- `ss` - ccTLD for South Sudan.
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- `xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd` - iccTLD for Mauritania.
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- `cpa` - A new gTLD added on ICANN's system.
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- `gay` - A new gTLD added on ICANN's system.
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- `xn--qxa6a` - iccTLD for .eu in Greek.
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- `llp` - A new gTLD added on ICANN's system.
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Names which were *removed* after the final snapshot:
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- `goodhands` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `jlc` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `panerai` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `spiegel` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `statoil` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `telecity` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `vista` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `epost` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `zippo` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `blanco` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `active` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `bnl` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `cartier` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `chrysler` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `dodge` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `doha` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `duns` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `everbank` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `honeywell` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `iselect` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `ladbrokes` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `mobily` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `mopar` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `piaget` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `srt` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `starhub` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `uconnect` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `warman` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `xn--mgbb9fbpob` - An iccTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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- `lancome` - A gTLD removed from ICANN's system.
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